fig2

Figure 2. Novel 5hmC modifications implicated in diabetic nephropathy. Genome-wide analysis of the 5hmC-Seal data in patient-derived cfDNA reflected novel epigenetic modifications implicated in diabetic nephropathy (DN). (A)The Venn diagram shows differentially modified gene bodies specific to DN. (B)KEGG pathways significantly over-/under-represented in DN patients relative to either controls (CTRL) or non-DN patients (Non-DN) were identified from the GSEA. (C) The exploratory model comprised of ten component genes could distinguish DN from CTRL, as well as DN from Non-DN. (D) The 5hmC scores computed with the ten-gene exploratory model for DN were significantly different between DN and CRTL/Non-DN. Statistical significance (t-test): ns, P > 0.05; ** P ≤ 0.01; **** P ≤ 0.0001. KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; GSEA: Gene set enrichment analysis; NES: Normalized enrichment score.