fig4

Figure 4. Bioprinted HUVECs-sEVs constructs promote angiogenesis (modified from ^[103]). (A) Schematic representation of the bioprinting process to manufacture EV-loaded scaffolds; (B) SEM images of 3D bioprinted GelMA with HUVECs-sEVs. Yellow arrows denote the EVs; (C) Bioprinted HUVECs-sEVs promote in vivo vessel formation after subcutaneous implantation in immunocompromised mice, with IB4-positive blood vessel structures. IB4, Isolectin B4; Normoxia EVs, EVs from normoxia HUVECs; hypoxia EVs, EVs from hypoxia HUVECs.